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Who Owns the Land?
Sandia Mountain rises from the desert floor of New Mexico like a magnificent wave, cresting in a ridge of pine trees and rock. It is part of the Cibola National Forest and a favorite getaway place for the nearly 500,000 people who live in Albuquerque. They explore its natural wonders on foot, on mountain bikes and on hang gliders.
The mountain is also close to the hearts of the 481 members of the Sandia Pueblo, a 700-year-old Native American community. To them, the mountain is sacred. Last month a judge ruled that a big chunk of Sandia’s wilderness belongs to the pueblo. But nearby nature lovers don’t want to let go of the land.

A Battle Over Boundaries
In 1748, when Spain ruled over parts of the Western U.S., a Spanish document defined the borders of the pueblo’s land. The tribe says it was given control of Sandia’s western slope. The U.S. government disagreed.
For years the pueblo has wanted more control of sacred areas on Sandia. “We should beable to go there anytime we want,” says Alex Lujan, governor of the pueblo, which sued 1 the government to regain the land.
In August a judge took a close look at the 250-year-old document and agreed with the Native Americans. He ordered the government to return 9,500 acres of the national forest to the
Sandia Pueblo.

So Long, Sandia?
Sandia Mountain’s frequent visitors are concerned that they will lose their beloved playground.
They say that parcels of land that have been returned to Native Americans are now strictly off limits to others.
Samuel Wellborn, 11, is very concerned. He spends his Saturday mornings hiking the mountain with his family. “The governor of the pueblo says they will let us on the trails, and this will stand for all time, but the thing is, he won’t be there forever,” says Samuel. He plans to write letters to pueblo officials urging them to keep the trails open to everyone. Meanwhile, a group of citizens is pushing to have the judge’s ruling reversed. The Forest Service, which has controlled the land for 82 years, may challenge it too.
Will last month’s decision turn stunning Sandia Mountain into forbidden territory for hikers and hang gliders? Nothing would change under tribal ownership, says Lujan. “All we want is to be good neighbors.”

Time for Kids World Report: September 18, 1998 Vol.4 No.2
© 1998 TIME For Kids. Reprinted by permission.


1 – General comprehension (5 points)
1) Identify the type of document:
a)extract from a novel
b) newspaper article
c) the script of a radio interview

2) Pick out the following information about the Native American Community: name, age, population,location.

3) Complete the following text about the location and of Sandia Mountain:
Sandia Mountain is near the city of ...................... in the state of ...................... .

4) Sandia Mountain is:
a) a desert
b) part of a forest
c) a rock

5) The document is about:
a) a legal dispute about land
b) a religious dispute
c) a battle between Spain and Mexico

2 – Detailed comprehension (15 points)

6) Find elements in the text to show what Sandia Mountain means for:
a) the people of Albuquerque:
b) the people of Sandia Pueblo:

7) Which of the following individuals or groups of people are Native Americans?
a) the pueblo
b) the judge
c)Alex Lujan
d) he government
e) Samuel Wellborn

8) True or false? Justify each answer by quoting the text:
a) Sandia Mountain is popular with sports enthusiasts.
b) The natural habitat no longer attracts visitors.
c) A judge has said part of the mountain belongs to the Native Americans.
d) The citizens accept the judge’s decision.
e) The Forest Service disagrees with the judge’s decision.

9) Find three expressions in the text to show that Sandia Mountain is a beautiful place.

10) Which of the following adjectives best describes the Native Americans’ attitude to Sandia Mountain’s visitors? Justify with an element from the text:
a) selfish
b) generous
c) indifferent
d) hostile