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Born into a bourgeois family in northern France , Saint - Cyrien , Charles de Gaulle participated in World War I as an officer. It is several times wounded and captured . Between the wars , he taught at the War College , where he defended a new strategy of warfare . But it is not followed by the French General Staff. Under Secretary of State for War in 1940, he is hostile to the armistice and joined London from 17 June 1940 .