Sagot :
• Cosmetic surgery has its roots in antiquity
Surgery whose etymology comes from the Greek kheirourgia consists of kheir meaning "hand" and ergon which means both "activity, work and work."
Cosmetic surgery is an art whose origins date back to the dawn of time. This specialty was born under the influence of all kinds of cultures, civilizations, and political and historical factors that led to its creation are numerous. the cosmetic surgery have experienced along the way many refractory, including religions that have long banned cosmetic surgery ..
Manuals dating back over 4000 years relating a facial surgery due to injury, we show that cosmetic surgery existed among Egyptian Pharaonic era, in Greek and in Roman. She responded to specific needs Egyptian surgeons were concerned to make "beautiful sutures." Indian Indies were already practicing rhinoplasty drafts of mending the cut nose of adulterous women taking the skin on the forehead or cheeks. The first lipectomies were conducted by the Hebrew. The Romans, practiced cosmetic surgery of the eyelids in the 1st century BC. Finally, a little later, in the 4th century AD, Byzantines were operating as harelip.
• The first treaty plastic surgery in the 16th century
At the end of the Middle Ages, appears the first European treaty of plastic surgery, written by Gaspare Tagliacozzi but he was excommunicated by the Catholic Church which sees a dim view of the various cosmetic procedures and manipulations in the human body.
• The first cosmetic procedures
Various experiments took place early in the nineteenth century, including those of the British physician Joseph Constantine Carpue (en) (1764-1846), inspired Indian practices, the author of the ouvrageRhinoplastique (1818), Karl Ferdinand von Graefe (en) (1787-1840) and Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach (1792-1847), chief surgeon of the Charité Hospital in Berlin, the American John Peter Mettauer (en) (1787-1875) or yet Israel James (1848-1926) and then Jacques Joseph (Nasenplastik und Sonstige Gesichtsplastik, 1928). Rhinoplasty thus became one of the first plastic surgery
In France the first breast reduction is performed, and the United States the first abdominal surgery
• The twentieth century will change the history of cosmetic surgery
This unnecessary surgical manipulation of the body resurgent through maimed war. The history of cosmetic surgery is related to the twentieth century.
The early 20th century to really talk about cosmetic surgery with the first Lifting performed on a film actress by an American surgeon, Dr. Miller. In Europe and in France in particular, the conflict of 14-18 and its infamous "broken faces" allowed a boom of facial surgery.
The First World War changed the history of cosmetic surgery.
WWI allow the plastic and reconstructive surgery to be perceived more positively by its opponents. Given the large number of wounded soldiers with faces several reconstructive surgeries were performed. Large mutilated face better known as their legendary name of "broken faces" were the largest laboratory experiments for surgeons who became specialized and perfected (broken nose, chin missing, crane smashed, burns ...). The units of maxillofacial surgery (surgery related to the sphere cranio-maxillofacial). were created. The big names in plastic surgery: Dufourmentel, Blair, Davis and Gillies Morestin operated in these units.
Public opinion then becomes aware of the benefits of restorative surgery. Plastic surgery becomes more and more popular. It is no more than just correct the defects but also to improve their physical appearance.
We practice in 1920 facelifts. Sarah Bernhardt was the beneficiary, and that, for the first female plastic surgeon, Dr. Suzanne Christmas.
It also made unsuccessful attempts: injections of vaseline and paraffin distort some faces. Then in 1920, Dr. Willis first practice under the skin fat injections to fill wrinkles.
The first breast implants are invented in 1930: these are glass balls, ivory, beef cartilage and then try celluloid, plexiglass, and synthetic foams! The first prosthesis comprising a silicone gel are implanted in 1962.
WWII allows new faces to repair and improve and restorative plastic surgery techniques. English doctors perfected a new technique reconstructive surgery, skin grafting to repair including burn injuries in older soldiers burned.
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