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Examples of Homogeneous Catalysts
Sulfur trioxide production: The reaction of sulfur dioxide and oxygen in the presence of nitric oxide as a catalyst is an example of homogeneous catalysis .
Oxidation of sulfur dioxide: Oxides of nitrogen serve as catalysts for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the lead chamber process for producing sulfuric acid .
Interaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen: Traces of water vapor catalyze the interaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen, which proceeds slowly in dry conditions .
Formation of diethyl ether: Sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst for the formation of diethyl ether from ethyl alcohol .
Inversion of cane sugar: Acid solutions can catalyze the inversion of cane sugar .
Hydrolysis of esters: Acid solutions can also catalyze the hydrolysis of esters .
Carbonylation: Homogeneous catalysis is involved in carbonylation reactions.
Oxidation: Homogeneous catalysis is also used in oxidation reactions.
Hydrocyanation: Homogeneous catalysis plays a role in hydrocyanation reactions.
Metathesis: Homogeneous catalysis is involved in metathesis reactions.
These examples demonstrate the wide range of reactions that can be catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts, including the production of chemicals, oxidation reactions, and various organic transformations. Homogeneous catalysis offers high reactivity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions .