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Sagot :
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May
19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a
homemaker occupied with the family’s eight children. His father, Earl
Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black
Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Earl’s civil rights activism prompted
death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion,
forcing the family to relocate twice before Malcolm’s fourth birthday.
Regardless of the Little’s efforts to elude the Legion, in 1929,
their Lansing, Michigan home was burned to the ground. Two years later,
Earl’s body was found lying across the town’s trolley tracks. Police
ruled both incidents as accidents, but the Littles were certain that
members of the Black Legion were responsible. Louise suffered emotional
breakdown several years after the death of her husband and was committed
to a mental institution, while her children were split up among various
foster homes and orphanages.
Eventually, Malcolm and his long-time friend, Malcolm “Shorty”
Jarvis, moved back to Boston. In 1946, they were arrested and convicted
on burglary charges, and Malcolm was sentenced to 10 years in prison,
although he was granted parole after serving seven years.
Recalling his days in school, he used
the time to further his education. It was during this period of
self-enlightenment that Malcolm’s brother Reginald would visit and
discuss his recent conversion to the Muslim religion. Reginald belonged
to the religious organization the Nation of Islam (NOI).
Intrigued, Malcolm began to study the teachings of NOI leader Elijah
Muhammad. Muhammad taught that white society actively worked to keep
African-Americans from empowering themselves and achieving political,
economic, and social success. Among other goals, the NOI fought for a
state of their own, separate from one inhabited by white people. By the
time he was paroled in 1952, Malcolm was a devoted follower with the new
surname “X” (He considered “Little” a slave name and chose the “X” to
signify his lost tribal name.).
Intelligent and articulate, Malcolm was appointed as a minister and
national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad also charged
him with establishing new mosques in cities such as Detroit, Michigan,
and Harlem. Malcolm utilized newspaper columns, as well as radio and
television, to communicate the NOI’s message across the United States.
His charisma, drive, and conviction attracted an astounding number of
new members. Malcolm was largely credited with increasing membership in
the NOI from 500 in 1952 to 30,000 in 1963.
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker occupied with the family’s eight children. His father, Earl Little, was an outspoken Baptist minister and avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Earl’s civil rights activism prompted death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion, forcing the family to relocate twice before Malcolm’s fourth birthday. Regardless of the Little’s efforts to elude the Legion, in 1929, their Lansing, Michigan home was burned to the ground. Two years later, Earl’s body was found lying across the town’s trolley tracks. Police ruled both incidents as accidents, but the Littles were certain that members of the Black Legion were responsible. Louise suffered emotional breakdown several years after the death of her husband and was committed to a mental institution, while her children were split up among various foster homes and orphanages. Eventually, Malcolm and his long-time friend, Malcolm “Shorty” Jarvis, moved back to Boston. In 1946, they were arrested and convicted on burglary charges, and Malcolm was sentenced to 10 years in prison, although he was granted parole after serving seven years.Recalling his days in school, he used the time to further his education. It was during this period of self-enlightenment that Malcolm’s brother Reginald would visit and discuss his recent conversion to the Muslim religion. Reginald belonged to the religious organization the Nation of Islam (NOI). Intrigued, Malcolm began to study the teachings of NOI leader Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad taught that white society actively worked to keep African-Americans from empowering themselves and achieving political, economic, and social success. Among other goals, the NOI fought for a state of their own, separate from one inhabited by white people. By the time he was paroled in 1952, Malcolm was a devoted follower with the new surname “X” (He considered “Little” a slave name and chose the “X” to signify his lost tribal name.). Intelligent and articulate, Malcolm was appointed as a minister and national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad also charged him with establishing new mosques in cities such as Detroit, Michigan, and Harlem. Malcolm utilized newspaper columns, as well as radio and television, to communicate the NOI’s message across the United States. His charisma, drive, and conviction attracted an astounding number of new members. Malcolm was largely credited with increasing membership in the NOI from 500 in 1952 to 30,000 in 1963.
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