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Sagot :
Réponse :Like Germany or Korea, Vietnam is divided in two: North Vietnam is under Soviet domination and South Vietnam is pro-Western, with an authoritarian and corrupt regime backed by Americans.
In the late 1950s, there was communist unrest in the South, led by the Viet Cong (National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam) and linked to communist North Vietnam. The risk of seeing all Vietnam fall into communism forces the Americans to intervene in the name of the doctrine of containment, formulated by President Truman in 1947.
Another preoccupation in the American administration is the dominos theory, that is, the fear that if a country turns into communism in Southeast Asia, it is all the countries of Southeast Asia. (Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, etc.) who would in turn risk falling into communism. The Americans decide to intervene.
This is the worst for the Americans, this war is lost. The escalation and mass sending of American soldiers during the 1960s was useless. The Vietnamization of the Nixon conflict that began in 1969 (that is, giving the forces of South Vietnam the task of fighting the Communists) was unsuccessful. The Americans find themselves in a situation where it is a war that they theoretically can not lose because communism would triumph, but they can not win either militarily or diplomatically.
It is primarily an asymmetrical war. The Americans are faced with an enemy who does not function in the same way as they do. It's a guerrilla more than a war, the fighting is everywhere and nowhere, the fighters are hard to identify.
In 1967, there were 500,000 American soldiers engaged in the conflict with colossal means at their disposal (helicopters in particular). And yet it's the stagnation! the US does not manage to overcome the Vietcong: the US military is consumed by drugs, demoralization (the Vietcongs are a lot of victims among Americans).
• The Vietnamization of the war: The new American president, Richard Nixon, starts from 1969 a slow disengagement of the American land forces, which pass from 500 000 to 50 000 men. At the same time, the US is organizing a powerful South Vietnamese army of 1,800,000 men (1,200,000 soldiers and 600,000 militia). In March 1972, the North Vietnamese army launched a general offensive on the 17th parallel (border between the two Vietnam). Nixon replies with the resumption of massive bombings on Hanoi and the dikes of Tonkin.
The consequences of this war are numerous:
It's an extremely expensive war (hundreds of billions of dollars, or 3% of US GDP).
the deficits and inflation are worsening for the US and the dollar is depreciating following a fairly significant decline in US gold reserves.
There has been a mass of destruction of towns and villages, bridges, airports and ports; the war also destroyed agricultural areas leading to lower agricultural yields, a food shortage in both Vietnam.
• This is the most publicized conflict. It aroused turmoil in American and international opinion; the war reveals the sufferings of the American soldiers and the sufferings of the Vietnamese populations, favoring pacifist propaganda.
It has caused deep moral crisis in the US: Americans are all the more demoralized they wonder about the legitimacy of this conflict and they know for the first time in their history a military defeat: it is a real national trauma.
The demographic picture is bleak: on the American side, nearly 60,000 dead, 350,000 wounded and maimed; on the south-Vietnamese side, nearly 700,000 dead (including 430,000 civilians) and 1.8 million wounded and maimed; on the North Vietnam side, nearly one million dead and 900,000 wounded and maimed.
Bob Dylan is a singer-songwriter, musician, American, born May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota. He is one of the major figures of Western popular music.
voila!!!!! ;)
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